Current and Future Prospect of Aptamer in Monkeypox Diagnostics: A Scoping Review
Keywords:
Monkeypox, detection, diagnosis, antigen, proteinAbstract
Monkeypox is becoming a concern zoonotic orthopoxvirus of global health significance that affects not only the poorest region of the world but also developed parts of the globe.  The recent reemergence of monkeypox in 2022 has caused more than 57,000 global confirmed clinical cases, meanly in regions that have not historically reported monkeypox. Early and efficient diagnosis of monkeypox plays a vital role in arresting the spread of this zoonosis.  A significant problem in identifying certain types of Orthopoxvirus is that the conventional diagnostic methods primarily target the most dangerous one, smallpox. As a result, these tools often overlook the less harmful orthopoxvirus species, leading to an underestimation of their prevalence. Our group conducted this current systemic review of original research work on detection of monkeypox with an emphasis on either antigen-based or protein-based detection techniques.  Following screening of literature using CADIMA, we identified 1 original research article that suited this review. Monkeypox virus protein A29 (MPXV A29) with specific binding affinity to Monkeypox monoclonal antibody (mAb 69-126-3-7) was extensively studied.  Sequence analysis of the amino acid residues of MPXV A29 revealed four different changes compared to other orthopoxvirus protein homologs. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that mAb 69-126-3-7 produced antigenic reactivity with MPXV alone but not with other orthopoxvirus. Careful study of the nature of A29 protein will give insight into the design of MPXV specific protein (A29) binding aptamer, which will allow for differential diagnostic detection of MPXV amongst other orthopoxvirusinfections. Current development in aptamer technology raises profound hopes for diagnostic detection of various pathogens. In conjunction with other high profile molecular diagnostic tools, it is certain that aptamer will play a significant role in detection of MPXV in a quicker, cheaper, and simpler manner.ÂReferences
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