Effects of contact and non-contact laser photocoagulation therapy on ocular surface in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Keywords:
Laser photocoagulation, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, ocular surface diseaseAbstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of contact and non-contact laser photocoagulation (LP) on ocular surface changes and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This was a single center, prospective, randomised, parallel-controlled trial of pilot study in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia between June 2013 and May 2014. Eye with PDR was selected and randomised into 2 groups (Contact LP group and Non-contact LP group) by using random sampling envelope method. Contact LP group was treated with contact LP via slit lamp laser delivery system. Non-contact LP group was treated with non-contact LP via binocular laser indirect ophthalmoscopy system. Main outcome measures were Schirmer test value, tear film break-up time (TBUT) and OSDI score at baseline and at 3 months post laser therapy. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. A total of 60 eyes were recruited (30 eyes in Contact LP and 30 eyes in Non-contact LP). Contact LP showed significant reduction of TBUT (p = 0.038) and significant increase in mean OSDI score (p = 0.001) at 3 months post laser therapy. However, there was no significant difference of mean change of Schirmer test value and TBUT between the two groups except for OSDI score (p = 0.044). Both mode of laser deliveries (contact LP and non-contact LP) showed comparable effects on ocular surface disease in PDR patient that underwent laser pan retinal photocoagulation.
References
Gadkari SS, Maskati QB, Nayak BK. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: The All India Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Screening Study 2014. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016; 64(1):pp.38-44.
Zhang X, Zhao L, Deng S, Sun X, Wang N. Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence, Etiology, and Clinical Characteristics. J Ophthalmol. 2016; 2016:8201053.
Dry Eye Syndrome in Subjects With Diabetes and Association With Neuropathy. Achtsidis V, Eleftheriadou I, Kozanidou E, Voumvourakis KI, Stamboulis E, et al. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(10): e210-e211.
Kesarwani D, Rizvi SWA, Khan AA, Amitava AK, Vasenwala SM, Siddiqui Z. Tear film and ocular surface dysfunction in diabetes mellitus in an Indian population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017; 65(4):pp.301-304.
Mizuno K. Binocular indirect argon laser photocoagulator. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981; 65(6):pp.425-428.
Tinley CG, Gray RH. Routine, single session, indirect laser for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond). 2009; 23(9):pp.1819-1823. doi: 10.1038/eye.2008.394.
Puri P, Verma D, McKibbin M. Management of ocular perforations resulting from peribulbar anaesthesia. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1999; 47(3):pp.181-183.
Vakili R, Tauber S, Lim ES. Successful management of retinal tear post-laser in situ keratomileusis retreatment. Yale J Biol Med. 2002; 75(1):pp.55-57.
Ghosh YK, Banerjee S, Tyagi AK. Effectiveness of emergency argon laser retinopexy performed by trainee doctors. Eye (Lond). 2005; 19(1):pp.52-54.
Petrou P, Lett KS. Effectiveness of emergency argon laser retinopexy performed by trainee physicians: 10 years later. Ophthalmic Surg lasers Imaging Retina. 2014; 45(3):pp.194-196. doi: 10.3928/23258160-120.
Law NM, Fan RF. Clinical experince with the laser indirect ophthalmoscope. Ann Acad Med Singaapoe. 1991; 20(6):pp.750-754.
Gurelik G, Coney JM, Zakov ZN. Binocular indirect panretinal laser photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2004; 35(2):pp.94-102.
Ambresin A, Strueven V, Pourmaras JA. Painless indirect argon laser in high risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2015; 232(4):pp.509-513. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1545795.
Jalali S. Principles of Laser Treatment and How to get Good Outcomes in a Patient with Diabetic Retinopathy. JK Science. 2004; 6(1):pp.4-8.
Friberg TR. Clinical experience with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery system. Retina. 1987; 7(1):pp.28-31.
Ozdemir M, Buyukbese MA, Cetinkaya A, Ozdemir G. Risk factors for ocular surface disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2003; 59(3):pp.195-199.
Pardos GJ, Krachmer JH. Photocoagulation: its effect on the corneal endothelial cell density of diabetics. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981; 99(1):pp.84-86.
Dogru M, Kaderli B, Gelisken O, Yucel A, Avci R, et al. Ocular surface changes with applanation contact lens and coupling fluid use after argon laser photocoagulation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 138(3):pp.381-388.
Nepp J, Abela C, Polzer I, Derbolav A, Wedrich A. Is there a correlation between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and keratoconjunctivitis sicca? Cornea. 2000; 19(4):pp.487-491.
Inoue K, Kato S, Ohara C, Numaga J, Amano S, et al. Ocular and systemic factors relevant to diabetic keratoepitheliopathy. Cornea. 2001; 20(8):pp.798-801.
Szalai E, Deák E, Módis L Jr, Németh G, Berta A, et al. Early corneal cellular and nerve fiber pathology in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus identified using corneal confocal microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016; 57:pp.853–858.
Cousen P, Cackett P, Bennett H, Swa K, Dhillon B: Tear production and corneal sensitivity in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2007; 21(6): pp.371-373.
Goebbels M. Tear secretion and tear film function in insulin dependent diabetics. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000; 84(1):pp.19-21.
Saito J, Enoki M, Hara M, Morishige N, Chikama T, et al. Correlation of corneal sensation, but not of basal or reflex tear secretion, with the stage of diabetic retinopathy. Cornea. 2003; 22(1):pp.15-18.
Li N, Deng XG, He MF. Comparison of the Schirmer I test with and without topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye. Int J Ophthalmol. 2012; 5(4):pp.478-481. doi: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.14.
Fermon S, Ball S, Paulin JM, Davila R, Guttman S. Schirmer I test and break-up time test standardization in Mexican population without dry eye. Rev Mex Oftalmol. 2010; 84(4):pp.228-232.
Dogru M. Author reply. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005; 139(4):pp.755-756.
Gunay M, Celik G, Yildiz E, Bardak H, Koc N, et al. Ocular surface characteristics in diabetic children. Curr Eye Res. 2016; 41:pp.1526–1531.
Ljubimov AV. Diabetic complications in the cornea. Vision Res. 2017; 139:138-152. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.002.
Figueroa-Ortiz LC, Jimenez RE, Garcia-Ben A, Garcia-Campos J. Study of tear function and the conjunctival surface in diabetic patients. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2011; 86(4):pp.107-112. doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2010.12.010.
Fuerst N, Langelier N, Massaro-Giordano M, Pistilli M, Stasi K, et al. Tear osmolairty and dry eye symptoms in diabetics. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014; 8:pp.507-515. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S51514.
Najafi L, Malek M, Valojerdi AE, Khamseh ME, Aghaei H. Dry eye disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus; comparison of the tear osmolarity test with other common diagnostic tests: a diagnostic accuracy study using STARD standard. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2015; 14:pp.39. doi: 10.1186/s40200-015-0157-y.
Manaviat MR, Rashidi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Shoja MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Ophthalmol. 2008; 8:pp.10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-10
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
JBCS Publication Ethics
JBCS is committed to ensure the publication process follows specific academic ethics. Hence, Authors, Reviewers and Editors are required to conform to standards of ethical guidelines.
Authors
Authors should discuss objectively the significance of research work, technical detail and relevant references to enable others to replicate the experiments. JBCS do not accept fraudulent or inaccurate statements that may constitute towards unethical conduct.
Authors should ensure the originality of their works. In cases where the work and/or words of others have been used, appropriate acknowledgements should be made. JBCS do not accept plagiarism in all forms that constitute towards unethical publishing of an article.
This includes simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to more than one journal. Corresponding author is responsible for the full consensus of all co-authors in approving the final version of the paper and its submission for publication.
Reviewers
Reviewers of JBCS treat manuscripts received for review as confidential documents. Therefore, Reviewers must ensure the confidentiality and should not use privileged information and/or ideas obtained through peer review for personal advantage.
Reviews should be conducted based on academic merit and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments. In cases where selected Reviewer feels unqualified to review a manuscript, Reviewer should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process in TWO (2) weeks time from the review offer is made.
In any reasonable circumstances, Reviewers should not consider to evaluate manuscripts if they have conflicts of interest (i.e: competitive, collaborative and/or other connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions affiliated to the papers).
Editors
Editors should evaluate manuscripts exclusively based on their academic merit. JBCS strictly do not allow editors to use unpublished information of authors without the written consent of the author. Editors are required to take appropriate responsive actions if ethical complaints have been presented concerning a submitted manuscript or published paper.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences requires authors to declare all competing interests in relation to their work. All submitted manuscripts must include a ‘competing interests section at the end of the manuscript listing all competing interests (financial and non-financial). Where authors have no competing interests, the statement should read ,The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Editors may ask for further information relating to competing interests.
Editors and reviewers are also required to declare any competing interests and will be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists. Competing interests may be financial or non-financial. A competing interest exists when the authors interpretation of data or presentation of information may be influenced by their personal or financial relationship with other people or organizations. Authors should disclose any financial competing interests but also any non-financial competing interests that may cause them embarrassment if they were to become public after the publication of the article.
HUMAN AND ANIMAL RIGHTS
All research must have been carried out within an appropriate ethical framework. If there is suspicion that work has not taken place within an appropriate ethical framework, Editors will follow the Misconduct policy and may reject the manuscript, and/or contact the author(s) institution or ethics committee. On rare occasions, if the Editor has serious concerns about the ethics of a study, the manuscript may be rejected on ethical grounds, even if approval from an ethics committee has been obtained.
Research involving human subjects, human material, or human data, must have been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. A statement detailing this, including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where appropriate, must appear in all manuscripts reporting such research. Further information and documentation to support this should be made available to Editors on request.
Experimental research on vertebrates or any regulated invertebrates must comply with institutional, national, or international guidelines, and where available should have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. The Basel Declaration outlines fundamental principles to adhere to when conducting research in animals and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) has also published ethical guidelines.
A statement detailing compliance with relevant guidelines (e.g. the revised Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 in the UK and Directive 2010/63/EU in Europe) and/or ethical approval (including the name of the ethics committee and the reference number where appropriate) must be included in the manuscript. The Editor will take account of animal welfare issues and reserves the right to reject a manuscript, especially if the research involves protocols that are inconsistent with commonly accepted norms of animal research. In rare cases, Editors may contact the ethics committee for further information.
INFORMED CONSENT
For all research involving human subjects, informed consent to participate in the study should be obtained from participants (or their parent or guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript, this includes to all manuscripts that include details, images, or videos relating to individual participants.
DATA SHARING POLICY
JBCS strongly encourages that all datasets on which the conclusions of the paper rely should be available to readers. We encourage authors to ensure that their datasets are either deposited in publicly available repositories (where available and appropriate) or presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files, in machine-readable format (such as spreadsheets rather than PDFs) whenever possible
Authors who do not wish to share their data must state that data will not be shared, and give the reason.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The JBCS retains the copyright of published manuscripts under the terms of the Copyright Transfer Agreement. However, the journal permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided permission to reuse, distribute and reproduce is obtained from the Journal's Editor and the original work is properly cited.
While the advice and information in this journal are believed to be true and accurate on the date of its going to press, neither the authors, the editors, nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (JBCS)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
